Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca (KCS)


Description: Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) (synonyms: xerophthalmia, dry eye) is an acute or chronic inflammatory disease of both the conjunctiva and cornea resulting from decreased tear production, particularly of the serous component. Clinical signs are often divided into acute and chronic manifestations. In the acute phase there is intense pain and frequently corneal ulceration. Affected animals may have almost continuous blepharospasm (squinting) with intense hyperemia and inflammation. In chronic intermittent or persistent conjunctivitis, hyperemia and conjunctival exudates (which may be mucopurulent) are seen. As the disease progresses, the conjunctiva becomes thickened and perhaps focally pigmented. The exudates may dry and cause the eyelids to stick together. The corneas may become pigmented sufficiently to hinder vision or even cause blindness.

Age of Onset: The disease appears between 4 weeks and 12 years of age, and occurs in most cases in dogs under 4 - 5 years of age. Females may be more commonly affected in a given population.

Diagnosis: Clinical signs and observations by a trained ophthalmologist may be sufficient to make the diagnosis. The Schirmer tear test may be required and rose bengal staining may be helpful. Causes other than heredity may be involved. It is essential to determine whether KCS is the primary disease or a secondary manifestation of another disease, since this distinction strongly influences treatment.

Treatment: This serious condition requires consultation with an ophthalmologist. Artificial tears and antibiotics are helpful. In severe chronic cases, surgery may be required.

Mode of Inheritance: Mode of inheritance has not been determined. Numerous breeds are affected.

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Any information contained on this site relating to various medical, health, and fitness conditions of Westies and their treatment is for informational purposes only and is not meant to be a substitute for the advice provided by your own veterinarian. You should not use the information contained herein for diagnosing a Westie's health - you should always consult your own veterinarian.


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