GLOSSARY

• ANGULATION: The angles formed by the meeting of the bones. Mainly the shoulder, upper arm, stifle and hock.
• APRON: Longer hair below the neck on the chest. Frill
• BACKSKULL: That portion of the skull between the stop and the ears.
• BARRELL: Rounded rib section; thorax.
• BRISKET: The forepart of the body below the chest, between the forelegs, closest to ribs. The lowest part of the body between the forelegs.
• CHARACTER: A combination of points of appearance and disposition contributing to the whole and distinctive of the particular breed of dog.
• CHEST: The part of the body or trunk that is enclosed by the ribs; forepart of the body above the brisket.
• CLIPPED: Trimming the coat with clippers or scissors.
• CLODDY: Low, thickset, comparatively heavy.
• CLOSE COUPLED: Comparatively short from withers to hipbones.
• COARSE: Too heavy or overdone with bone.
• COBBY: Short-bodied, compact.
• COUPLING: The part of the body between the ribs and the pelvis; the loin.
• COW-HOCKED: When the hocks turn toward each other; turn inward like those of a cow.
• DORSAL STRIPE: The strip of hair down the center of the back.
• DOWN IN PASTERN: Weak or faulty pastern (metacarpus) set at a pronounced angle from the vertical.
• ELBOW: Joint between upper arm and forearm.
• EXPRESSION: The general appearance of all features of the head as viewed from the front and as typical of the breed.
• FIDDLE-FRONT: Combination of forelegs out at elbow, in at pasterns, and feet turned out.
• FLANK: The side of the body between the last rib and the hip.
• FOREFACE: The front part of the head, before the eyes; the muzzle.
• FURNISHINGS: The long softer hair that covers the legs, chest, and appears on the face to make the halo.
• GAIT: The manner in which a dog walks, trots, or runs.
• HAW: A third eyelid or membrane in the inside corner of the eye.
• HEIGHT: Vertical measurement from the withers to the ground; referred to as shoulder height.
• HOCK: The tarsus or collection of bones of the hind leg forming the joint between the second thigh and the metatarsals; the dog's true heel.
• HAND-STRIPPED: To pluck the hair out with fingers or tool.
• LAYBACK: The angle of the shoulder blade as compared with the vertical.
• LOIN: The region of the body on either side of the vertebral column between the last reib and the hindquarters.
• MUZZLE: The head in front of the eye - nasal bone, nostril, and jaws. Foreface
• OCCIPUT: Upper, back point of the skull; between the ears.
• PAD: Tough, shock-absorbing projections on the underside of the feet. Soles.
• PADDLING: The joint between the radius and ulna, and the meracarpals; the foreleg from knee joint to top of foot.
• ROACH BACK: The convex curvature of the back from behind the withers and carrying over the loins.
• SIDEGAITING: Movement where the hind feet do not follow the paths of the front feet but rather move on one side or the other.
• SLOPING SHOULDERS: The shoulder blade set obliquely or "laid back."
• SNIPEY: A pointed, weak muzzle.
• SPLAYED FOOT: A flat foot with toes spreading. Openfoot, open-toed.
• SPRING of RIB: Curvature of ribs for heart and lung capacity.
• STERNUM: Breastbone.
• STIFLE: The joint of the hind leg below the thigh; the dog's knee.
• STOP: The step-up from nose to skull, or the indentation between the eyes where the nasal bones and skull meet.
• STRAIGHT SHOULDERS: Shoulder blades rather straight up and down, as opposed to sloping or "well laid back."
• STRAIGHT STIFLES: Erect, lacking bend or angulation.
• SWAY BACK: Concave curvature of the back between the withers and the hipbones.
• THIGH: The hindquarters from the hip joint to the stifle.
• WITHERS: The point at the top of the shoulder blades where the neck joins the body.